Muʿāwiyah I
Umayyad caliph
Alternative titles:
Moawiyah I; Muʿāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān
Written by Donald P. Little
Last Updated
Muʿāwiyah I, in full Muʿāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān, Muʿāwiyah also spelled Moawiyah (born c. 602, Mecca, Arabia—died April/May 680, Damascus), early Islamic leader and founder of the great Umayyad dynasty of caliphs. He fought against the fourth caliph, ʿAlī (Muhammad’s son-in-law), seized Egypt, and assumed the caliphate after ʿAlī’s assassination in 661. He restored unity to the Muslim empire and made Damascus its capital. He reigned from 661 to 680.
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